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Kamakura Kaidō
is the generic name of a great number of roads built during the Kamakura period which, from all directions, converged on the military capital of Kamakura, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.〔Nihon Rekishi Chimei Taikei〕 The term itself however was created probably during the Edo Period to mean simply any old road going to Kamakura; it is used for example in the Fudokikō.〔〔The Shinpen Musashino Fudokikō is a guide book published in 1830.〕 The famous Tōkaidō highway which connects Kyoto to Kamakura can therefore also be considered a Kamakura Kaidō.〔 Texts like the Taiheiki and the Azuma Kagami see things from a Kamakura-centric perspective and therefore use for the same roads individual names deriving from their destination, for example Kyōto Ōkan〔 or the generic term .〔Kamakura Shōkō Kaigijo (2008:53-54)〕 Today, modern paved roads that approximately follow one of the routes of an Old Kamakura Kaidō are named either Kamakura Kaidō, as Tokyo Prefecture Machida Route 18, or .
==The three main routes==
The three main roads in the Kantō region were called ("Upper Route"), ("Middle Route"), and ("Lower Route").〔〔Some sources use instead the readings Kamitsu Michi, Nakatsu Michi and Shimotsu Michi.〕 Their course is well known because it's described in several medieval books.〔 They ended at the Shinto gate (torii) at the entrance of Tsurugaoka Hachiman-gū in Kamakura.〔Kamiya Vol. 1 (2006:17)〕 Like the other routes, these roads were built to allow quick army movements from and to Kamakura and were of great importance during the many internal wars of the period.〔Kusumoto (2002:60-61)〕 The ''Kami no Michi'', in particular, was used by Nitta Yoshisada for his 1333 attack on Kamakura, and all the battlefields of that campaign (for example and , both in today's Tokorozawa, Saitama Prefecture, or in today's Fuchū) are therefore along its course.〔
The ''Kamakura Kaidō/Ōkan'' network remained important during the Muromachi period (1336- 1573) because Kamakura continued to be essential to control the Kantō region, however, after the last Kantō kubō Ashikaga Shigeuji was driven out of Kamakura and established himself in Shimōsa Province, the Late Hōjō clan supremacy made Kantō's political and economic center move to Odawara.〔 The final blow to the network was given by the Tokugawa, who in the 17th century made Edo their capital.〔 With Kamakura's importance waning, the network fell in disrepair and in places disappeared.〔
Even though they are described in several old texts like the Azuma Kagami, the Taiheiki, the Gukanshō and the the three roads' exact courses aren't known with certainty, and their description can therefore vary considerably with the source.〔Of the four sources consulted for the present article, none agreed completely with the others on this point. The present description was chosen because it's the most detailed and contains most of the stations mentioned in the other sources.〕 The following are considered the most likely.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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